Tesla range: your questions answered on rated, typical and predicted figures

The forecast of how far the car can go before it runs out of electricity is a question many owners get frustrated by. Its rarely a consideration on a ICE as the available miles can be easily and quickly replaced at a fuel station, however when you are in an electric car with a displayed range below 100 miles or 150 km, if you are a long way from home then the thought of charging soon starts to be a real consideration.

Firstly, there is no 100% accurate way of knowing future range because its predicated on how the car is driven and the environment in which its driven. Warm weather, down hill, steady 50mph or 80km/h driving and efficiency will mean you are likely to beat any figure displayed in the car. Cold weather, especially if you have to stop for a short break, rain, up hill, high speed driving and range may be much lower. This is the same as ICE, only the factors impacting efficiency are slightly different.

Just like an ICE car, an EV will have a formal quoted range/efficiency. This will be based on EPA, NEDC or WLTP depending where you are in the world and even when your car was made and they all differ to a greater or lesser extent. ICE are the same, few cars get the published MPG or l/100km figures.

One element often causing confusion is whether the range reflects the driving style or efficiency of the owner. It does not except on the Energy use screen, it is based on a fixed amount, the definitions of which are explained below.

Which of the following you can see in your car depends on region and even model

• Rated Range

  

  The Rated range is based on the testing standards in country the car is sold in. The figure will vary by model as the efficiency varies, the Performance MX on 22" wheels being the worst with a Model 3 on 18" Aero wheels being the best, the EPA and WLTP being the most realistic with the NEDC being the most optimistic and unrealistic. This is a fixed consumption rate and the miles displayed is the battery management system (BMS) estimate of available kwh divided by the consumption rate.

• Typical Range

  

  This is virtually identical to the Rated range in concept, except the figure used by Tesla is a more realistic guess of the efficiency for the car and universally worse than the Rated range. The benefit is that the range on the dash is closer to a realistic range but it is still inaccurate being more realistic if the car is driven at around 65mph or 110km/h in reasonably good weather.

  Rated Range is only an option on older cars in countries where the NEDC ratings were used as a counter to the wildly optimistic figure from that testing system. Cars classed against the WLTP system which replaced the NEDC don't have a Typical range option.

  To change between Typical and Rated, you select which you prefer in menu.

• Ideal Range

  

  This one is used less today and was a version of the range when driven in Ideal conditions, thought to be around 50mph. As battery sizes have increased in general, the need to know the maximum you could eek out of a car has become less important.

• Projected Range

  

  The only place you can see a range based on recent driving behaviour is to display the energy screen and look for the projected range figure. This uses the average energy consumption over the distance range selected and uses this and the BMS reported available kwh to work out a range.

• Economy

  

  In addition to the range figures, the car can show the economy of the car, this is typically the economy on the last journey, spanning short stops and the economy since last charged. Its worth knowing what your car used for Typical consumption as a mental reference against which you can compare, for instance a Model S is around 300 wh/m unless its a performance which is nearer 330 wh/m. You can then mentally gauge whether you're exceeding this considerably or not.

Showing percentage

One of the most hotly debated topics is whether you should show a range at all on the dash or just show a percentage. The argument is that as the range is always wrong, don't display it, The counter argument is the percentage doesn't really tell you anything either, and at least a rough mileage is better than no mileage. We display range, we let the battery icon give us an indication of the fraction of how full, but there is no right or wrong.